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Asexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction:- There are no specialised gametes. There is no fertilisation -Cells in one part of the body divide by mitosis to form a structure that breaks away from the parent body and grows into a new organism. Eg Hydra undergoes asexual reproduction by buddying. Asexual Reproduction produces genetically identical offspring. - because all the cells of the new individual are produced by mitosis from just one cell in the body of the adult. -when cells divide by mitosis, they form the exactly same cells are originally and these are called clones. When is asexual reproduction useful? - when the habitat/ environment for an organism is suited/stable, it will reproduce genetically identical offspring who are also going to be suited to this environment.

Sexual Reproduction

In sexual reproductions, specialized sex cells called gametes are produced. These carry one set of genetic information of the male/ female. Male mobile  Gamete = sperm Female stationary gamete = ovum (egg) Fertilization = the fusion of the male gamete, the sperm with the female gamete, the ovum to produce a zygote. Zygote = the single cell produced by fertilization The zygote is able to undergo mitosis to form all the cells of the animal. It forms an embryo. Fertilisation :- Once the sperm has reached the ovum, its nucleus must enter the ovum and fuse with the ovum nucleus - As each gamete has only half the normal number of chromosomes, the zygote formed will have a full number. Sperm = 23 chromosomes (haploid number) Ovum = 23 chromosomes (haploid number) Zygote = 46 chromosomes (diploid number)

Reproduction

2 types of reproduction - sexual - asexual Reproduction = the production of more organisms of the same species (to produce offspring) (to  have an organism pass on its genes